The false layers concern an average of one in five pregnancy. How to know that we are making a miscarriage? What are the signs? How long does it last? Answers with Dr. Thierry Harvey, gynecologist-obstetrician and Adélie Michau, gynecologist specializing in risk pregnancies.
A pregnant woman can undergo a natural pregnancy stopwe also call miscarriagemost often before her 3 months of pregnancy. This phenomenon, which is unfortunately very common, can occur so late, during the second trimester of pregnancy. The causes of miscarriage are multiple. Some factors are more at risk than others. To see more clearly on this phenomenon, the Dr. Thierry Harvey, gynecologist-obstetrician and Adélie Michau, gynecologist specializing in risk pregnancies answer our questions.
What is a miscarriage?
A miscarriage is a pregnancy that stops spontaneously. Pregnancy ceases to develop and the cardiac activity of the embryo stops.
When most often occurs a miscarriage?
We distinguish on the one hand The false layers of the first trimester of pregnancy, said early (before 3 months), and on the other hand the false layers of the second quarter (before 5 months) called late false layers. Generally, a miscarriage “most often takes place Between the 8th and 9th week of amenorrhea “details Dr. Harvey, either 6th and the 7th week of pregnancy. “It is often detected during the first pregnancy ultrasound, without any symptoms”he adds.
“A miscarriage most often takes place between the 8th and 9th week of amenorrhea.”
Signs and symptoms, how do you know that you are making a miscarriage?
► A miscarriage often manifests itself by bleeding vaginal At the beginning of pregnancy, light or abundanteven if they are quite common that pregnancy is going well or not.
► Likewise, in the event of a miscarriage, some women may experience pain or pelvic cramps in the lower bellyothers not …
What are the figures and statistics on false layers?
False layers concern about 20% of pregnanciesnamely that in five pregnancy ends thus. “”It is therefore an extraordinarily frequent event “, explains Dr. Thierry Harvey, gynecologist-obstetrician and head of the maternity service at the Diaconesses Hospital in Paris. Moreover, during his life, One in ten women would be touched by a miscarriage.
► The false layers of the first trimester are frequent, especially during the first pregnancy, But without gravity for the woman. “”Without denying the miscarriage, it is not necessary to make tons of exams after a single false couchE “, says Dr. Harvey.
► The second trimester false layers are rarer. “”In this case, examinations can take place to seek a cause, but after a single miscarriage is not systematicadds the gynecologist. It all also depends on women, her personality, her age, etc.. ”
How long does a miscarriage last?
Between stopping the development of the embryo and its elimination, it can happen several days before its voluntary expulsion. To quickly provoke it, physical activity, such as walking or running can be timely.
What are the causes and risk factors for miscarriage?
Some factors accentuate the risks of making a miscarriage, like:
The age of future parents
Mother’s age is generally the cause of the false layers driven by genetic anomalies of the embryo, explains Dr. Adélie Michau, gynecologist and specialist at risk at risk. If very young women, that is to say under the age of 30, have a low risk of miscarriage, between 10 and 15%, the latter increases to 30% at 39 years old and even reaches 75% for women aged 42. For what ? Because oocytes have deteriorated more and more over the years. Over time, “The structure that organizes the genetic material of remaining oocytes deteriorates”. “”To reduce the risk of false layers it is necessary that women know that the best period to have a child is between 25 and 35 years old, and that after 40 years it is more difficult. It’s physiological, their body works optimally between 25 and 35 years old, the risk of miscarriage is therefore lower“, Complete Dr. Thierry Harvey.
The weight
A body mass index (BMI) Very low (- 18) or too high (25 and more) can also prevent pregnancy from being carried out until its end.
The previous false layers
Unfortunately, having experienced a miscarriage in the past may predict an increased risk of having others. Indeed, the risk increases by approximately 10% for each additional miscarriage, reaching 42% in women who have had three or more false layers.
Tobacco and alcohol
Consume tobacco or alcohol During pregnancy multiplies the risk of miscarriage. Like excessive coffee consumption.
The environment
Others environmental factors also impact. A woman subject to significant stress, working at night, strongly exposed to air pollution or pesticides can also be the victim of a miscarriage.
Chromosomal and embryonic anomalies
Of the Chromosomal anomalies such as the Autosomal Down’s syndrome are found in 60% of false layers but, in less than 1% of living births. Likewise, anomalies in the development of embryos are frequently observed during false layers.
A disease
THE Autoimmune diseases for example, but also a diabetes or a thyroid diseasepoorly controlled can be risk factors. Similarly, an untreated coagulation (thrombophilia), or a bacterial cervico-vaginal infection (vaginosis, sexually transmitted infection).
Bacterial infections
THE bacterial infections such as herpes, papillomavirus, HIV, dengue, hepatitis B and C, rubella, covid-19, malaria or toxoplasmosis also multiply the risk of miscarriage.
Hygiene of life
There are also exogenous factors, promoting false layers. Thus, a lifestyle and diet are to be watched closely, by opting as soon as possible for healthy and balanced meals, as well as in terms of lifestyle are to be adopted upon the announcement of pregnancy. The daily overconsumption of coffee is to be reviewed, especially if it is coupled with the taking of Aspartame, and obviously, No non -pasteurized raw milk cheese. And even more than reason, smoking, alcohol, or drugs must be completely banished. In the event of an addiction, do not hesitate to talk to your gynecologist, for tailor -made follow -up and support, conducive to the smooth running of pregnancy. Note also that the‘environment can also be a risk factorlike a repeated contact with bisphenol A.
Untreated diseases
In addition to age and lifestyle which are important factors, the Management of bacterial infections can also help: “Screening is important. By treating vaginosis for example, it can be avoided that it does not induce a miscarriage later“explains Dr. Harvey. Other infections, such as Toxoplasmosis – that we control each month of pregnancy in the event of non -immunity – or listeriosis, can cause a miscarriage. In addition, there is no medical treatment with proven efficiency for Reduce the risk of spontaneous miscarriage. A study compared the effect of aspirin, which has often been effective, with a placebo; Result: no decrease or increase in the number of false layers.
The pain related to miscarriage are multiple. In general, they are manifested by Bleeding, uterine pains such as contractions, low back pains or cramps in the lower abdomen. If the pain is intense, it is recommended to go directly to the nearest emergencies, where the medical team will support the rest of the process. Otherwise, and for many false early layers, these are asymptomatic, or say silent. For many women, they occur in the toilet, And even if physical pain is moderate, the phenomenon can be traumatic.
What’s going on after a miscarriage?
By living a miscarriage, The “after” can be difficult for some women. In general, this is another painful step to live. What psychological follow -up after a miscarriage? When can we fall back pregnant?
Can a woman who makes a miscarriage have sick leave?
The government has announced the implementation of a sick leave without delay in deficiency in the event of miscarriage. This system should concern both employees and civil servants and should be set up no later than January 1, 2024.
What is the follow -up during a late miscarriage?
In case of late miscarriagewhich often occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy, A complete medical record will be carried out Through an interrogation, to know the gynecological history, a clinical examination, an ultrasound or pelvic MRI to detect possible uterine malformations, and a vaginal sample for a bacterial investigation.
Thank you to Dr Thierry Harvey, gynecologist-obstetrician in Paris and Dr Adélie Michau, gynecologist specializing in risk pregnancies in Paris.
