Saint-Nicolas is a day of celebration in the north-east of France, as well as in Belgium. We honor the patron saint of children, generally accompanied by Father Fouettard. Here is everything you need to know about this tradition and these two emblematic characters.
Every December 6, a festival anchored in tradition is celebrated in Lorraine and in the north of France: Saint-Nicolas. In these regions, we honor the patron saint protector of children and Lorrainea very real historical character. This symbolic date gives rise to numerous activities. In Nancy, for example, the city comes alive with a large parade mixing floats, fantastic creatures and emblematic figures, including Saint Nicholas and the impressive Father Fouettard who walks alongside him. An opportunity for young and old to (re)discover the history and legends linked to Saint Nicholas.
Who is Saint Nicholas?
The feast of Saint Nicholas celebrates Nicholas of Myra, a 3rd century bishop, born in Patare in Lycia (former region of present-day Turkey) in 270 and died on December 6, 345 in the city of Myra. The first years of his life seemed to augur a bright future, born into a rich Christian family and endowed with talents bordering on the miraculous – legend has it that barely a few days old, he could already stand up in his bath – but his journey was to be turned upside down by the death of his parents. Carried away by the plague, he decided to devote himself to God, and then became a priest and abbot, ordained by his uncle the Bishop of Myre, whom he succeeded upon his death. But the persecutions of ancient Rome against Christians hardly spared him, and around 310, he was in turn arrested and tortured. He decides to distribute all the wealth he has inherited to the poor. For many, he is Saint Nicholas, protector of children and the weakest and most deprived people. After his death, many miracles were attributed to him, and his generosity was also recognized. He was canonized around the year 350.
In most Christian traditions, Saint Nicholas is revered. His cult also enters the Orthodox religion, where he is seen as the miracle worker. Over the years, in France, Central and Western Europe, Saint Nicholas became an important religious figure. He became the patron saint of Lorraine in 1477 after the battle of the city of Nancy, which opposed the army of the Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold, to the army of the Duke of Lorraine, René II. During the conflict, the Duke of Lorraine placed his soldiers under the protection of Saint Nicholas and the Virgin Mary. Protection that will ensure victory. Since then, a very special bond has united Saint Nicholas and Lorraine.
Who is Father Fouettard?
THE Father Fouettard also has its role to play during Saint-Nicolas. He is a mysterious character, a bit frightening for the people who cross his path. Also called Krampus, Father Fouettard is neither more nor less than the acolyte of Saint Nicholas. Its role is to punish children who have not been good during the year. Usually he is dressed in a long brown or black coat with a hood, and a long black beard. In his hands, he also always has with him either a swift or a bundle of dried branches, which he uses to intimidate younger children.
What is the legend of Saint Nicholas?
The character of Saint Nicholas is surrounded by numerous miracles and legends which have their origins in the actions which were probably done during the life of Nicholas of Myra. One of these legends, the most famous in Lorraine, tells that three young children were lost outside in the middle of the night. While walking, they found refuge with a malicious butcher, who cut them into pieces and put them in a salting room to preserve them. Seven years later, by chance, Saint Nicholas met the butcher and asked him to taste the savory meal that was being prepared. Panicked, the butcher fled and Saint Nicholas resurrected the three children. It is also through this legend that the name Saint Nicholas protector of children was spread.
Why do we celebrate Saint Nicholas Day?
In the east and north of France, Saint Nicholas Day is a day of celebration to honor the legendary character of Saint Nicholas. During this day, Saint Nicholas takes to the streets to reward children who have behaved well during the year. Celebrating Saint-Nicolas allows the youngest to receive little attentions before Christmas.
What is the tradition on Saint Nicholas Day?
On Saint Nicholas Day, in the towns of Lorraine and Alsace, tradition dictates that a large parade is organized. Dressed in his red and white bishop’s costume, with his crosier and his miter, Saint Nicholas distributes treats to good children (papillotes, gingerbread, chocolates, etc.). At his side, threatening him Father Fouettard is present. He makes sure to punish disobedient children by giving them coal or onions. Tradition also dictates that families linger a little in the kitchen and prepare brioches in the shape of a man, to be enjoyed with clementines and a good hot chocolate.
Who is Saint Nicholas in relation to Santa Claus?
Santa Claus and Saint Nicholas are two distinct characters: one existed, the other is a myth, but they have some similarities. For some, Saint Nicholas would have inspired the creation of Santa Claus, just in his representation (white beard, red coat, etc.). They are also both very generous with children. Furthermore, very often in towns that celebrate the tradition, the Saint Nicholas parade kicks off the Christmas festivities.
